Table DUP-3. Prevalence of drug use within prison among prisoners

Table DUP-3. Prevalence of drug use within prison among prisoners
Country	Year	Source/ref. (1)	Definition and methodological comments (2)	Drug used (and if any: restriction on base population)	%
Belgium	2003	1	People reporting having used illicit drugs during the last incarceration. Comment: survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n = 886).	any illicit drug	33
	1999	2	People reporting regular drug use during previous and current imprisonments. Comment: survey in two prisons (1 male prison + 1 woman section in another prison) amongst voluntary prisoners (n = 246).	any illicit drug	42
				cannabis	37
				cocaine	9
				heroin	13
				amphetamines	8
				ecstasy	5
				LSD	2
	1997	3	People reporting lifetime drug use in prison. Comment: survey in one prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 115).	cannabis	38
				cocaine	15
				amphetamines	4
				ecstasy	8
Germany	1996	3	Drug users in prison (based on information given by key persons). Comment: survey in one prison based on reports of pre-selected key prisoners (n = 16), doctor, pastor(s).		60
Greece	2000	1	People reporting lifetime drug use while in prison. Comment: survey in 1 prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 136).	any illicit drug	46
	1995	5	Lifetime drug use in prison (based on self-reports and serum tests). Comment: survey in 2 prisons amongst convicted voluntary prisoners (n = 544).	any illicit drugs	54
				cannabis	5
				cocaine	0.4
				heroin	39
France	1997	3	People reporting drug use within the last year while in prison. Comment: survey in 3 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 960).	cannabis	24
				cocaine	7
				amphetamines	2
				ecstasy	3
Ireland	1996	5	Men reporting heroin use while in prison (current sentence). Comment: survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n = 108).	heroin (males)	42
Ireland	1996	5	Men reporting regular (once a week) heroin use while in prison (current sentence). Comment: survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n = 108).	heroin (males)	36
Latvia	2003	1	People reporting lifetime drug use in prison. Comment: national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n = 2867).	cannabis	28
				cocaine	4
				heroin	12
				amphetamines	12
				ecstasy	7
	2003	1	People reporting drug use within the last year in prison. Comment: national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n = 2867).	cannabis	15
				cocaine	2
				heroin	5
				amphetamines	8
				ecstasy	4
	2003	1	People reporting drug use within the last month in prison.Comment: national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n = 2867).	cannabis	6
				cocaine	1
				heroin	2
				amphetamines	2
				ecstasy	1
Lituania	2003	1	People reporting drug use within the last year in prison. Comment: national survey in all 14 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners at 31.12.2003 (n = 8063).	any illicit drug	13
				cannabis	0.1
				heroin	9.5
				cocaine	0.03
				stimulants	1
				several drugs	3
Hungary	1997	1	People reporting drug use at any time during imprisonment. Comment: national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n = 951).	any illicit drug (adult males)	8
				cannabis (adult males)	2
				cocaine (adult males)	1
				heroin (adult males)	0.5
				ecstasy (adult males)	2
				amphetamines (adult males)	2
				other drugs (adult males)	3
Portugal	2001	1	People reporting drug use within the last year in prison. Comment: natiowide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 2057).	any illicit drug	52
				cannabis	44
				cocaine	26
				heroin	33
				amphetamines	10
				ecstasy	10
	2001	1	People reporting drug use within the last month in prison. Comment: natiowide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 2057).	any illicit drug	30
				cannabis	24
				cocaine	7
				heroin	15.5
				amphetamines	1.5
				ecstasy	1
	2001	1	People reporting regular (everyday) drug use within the last month in prison. Comment: natiowide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 2057).	any illicit drug	10
				cannabis	5.5
				cocaine	2
				heroin	5
Finland	2001	1	People reporting illicit drug use while in prison. Comment: national survey among a sample of voluntary HIV tested convicted prisoners (n = 825).		16.5
United Kingdom (England & Wales)	2001	1	Women reporting drug use in the current period in prison. Comment: national survey among all prisoners (n = 301).	any illicit drug (females)	51
				cannabis (females)	23
				cocaine/crack (females)	9
				heroin/opiates (females)	40
				amphetamines (females)	1
				ecstasy (females)	2
				other tranquilizers (females)	18
	2001	1	Women reporting regular drug use (weekly or more frequent) in prison. Comment: national survey of female prisoners on remand and convicted in 10 prisons (n = 301).	any illicit drug (females)	27
				cannabis (females)	4
				cocaine/crack (females)	3
				heroin/opiates (females)	19
				other tranquilizers (females)	9
	1997 (3)	4	People reporting drug use during the last time in prison. Comment: nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n = 3142).	cannabis	19-46
				cocaine	1-4
				heroin	12-20
				amphetamines	0-4
				crack	2-8
United Kingdom (Scotland)	2004	9	People reporting drug use during the current imprisonment. Comment: nationwide survey among all prisoners (n = 4792).	any illicit drug	35
				cannabis	27
				cocaine	5
				heroin	24
				amphetamines	2
				ecstasy	4
	2003	10	People reporting drug use during the current imprisonment. Comment: national survey in 16 prisons among all prisoners available at the time of the survey (n = 4741).	any illicit drug	32
				cannabis	24
				cocaine/crack	6
				heroin/methadone/other opiates	21
				amphetamines	5
Norway	2002	1	People reporting drug use during the current imprisonment. Comment: national survey in all 52 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n = 1074).	any illicit drug	26-38
Norway	1997-1996	2	Inmates who used drugs once or several times while serving their sentence. Comment: estimated by prison authorities on the basis of previous studies in prison and reports submitted by prison and visitation officials.		40-60
Notes: (1) For sources and bibliographic references, the numbering refers to [Table DUP-0]. (2) Caution should be applied when considering that a survey is said to be 'national' as this refers to its intended geographical coverage, but does not mean it is necessarily representative of the national situation, which would depend on any sampling procedures adopted. Note that the size of the prison population surveyed is not available for most of the studies displayed in this table, and sample sizes reflect different proportions of the population in different countries. (3) Results are provided for 4 different sub-groups of population: male remanded, male sentenced, female remanded, female sentenced. Women and men on remand represent a small proportion of the prison population, and thus these groups were over-sampled. Ranges reported here represent the minimum and maximum values obtained across the 4 sub-groups. Sources: For access to sources and bibliographic references, refer to [Table DUP-0].