Table PDU-0. Prevalence of problem drug use at national and local level: bibliographic references

Country

Ref.

Source

All countries

99

EMCDDA project (2003). National Prevalence Estimates of Problem Drug Use in the European Union, 1995-2000. CT.00.RTX.23, emcdda, Lisbon, coordinated by the Institut fur Therapieforschung, Munich (http://www.emcdda.eu.int/?nnodeid=1372)

Belgium

1

Walckiers D., Sartor F., Sasse A. (2001). Country Report : Belgium. National estimates of problem drug use prevalence IPH, 2001.

2

Driesen G., De Maere W., Kinable H., Todts S. (1997). Risicogedrag bij injecterende druggebruikers in Vlaanderen. Rapport van het GIG-project.

3

Ledoux Y, Preumont C, Bils L. Prevalence of opiate use in the French Community of Belgium. CCAD - Brussels, September 1999.

Czech Republic

1

Mravčík, V., Korčišová, B., Lejčková, P., Miovská, L., Škrdlantová, E., Petroš, O., Radimecký, J., Sklenář, V., Gajdošíková, H., Vopravil, J. (2004). Výroční zpráva o stavu ve věcech drog v České republice v roce 2003 [Annual Report on Drug Situation 2003 – Czech Republic]. Praha: Úřad vlády ČR.

2

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

3

Mravčík, V., Zábranský, T., Korčišová, B., Lejčková, P., Škrdlantová, E., Šťastná, L., Macek, V., Petroš, O., Gajdošíková, H., Miovský, M., Kalina, K., Vopravil, J. (2003). Výroční zpráva o stavu ve věcech v České republice v r. 2002 (Annual Report on Drug Situation 2002 – Czech Republic). Praha: Úřad vlády ČR. ISBN 80-86734-06-4

Denmark

1

Eva Hammerby, Nye Tal fra Sundhedsstyrelsen nr.16 2003

2

Lene Haastrup: Estimates of the number of deaths among drug users and the number of drug useres in Denmark, Nye tal fra Sundhedsstyrelsen, aargang 3, no 3, 1999

3

Mortality and causes of death among drug users received in Treatment in 1996 in 'nye tal fra National Board of Health' 1999, number 3, year 3 pages 18

4

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

5

”Hvor mange stofmisbrugere er der i København”, published by Forebyggelsesudvalget vedrørende stofmisbrug og Hiv-smitte, Københavns kommune,” Stadslaegen” July 1999.

Germany

1

Kraus L, Augustin R, Frischer M, Kümmler P, Uhl A, Wiessing L. Estimating prevalence of problem drug use at national level in countries of the European Union and Norway. Addiction 2003; 98: 471-85.

2

Augustin, R. & Kraus, L. Changes in prevalence of problem opiate use in Germany between 1990 and 2000. European Addiction Research, in press

3

Bundeskriminalamt OA 21(1996). Rauschgiftjahresbericht 1995 Bundesrepublik Deutschland.Wiesbaden: Bundeskriminalamt

4

Bundeskriminalamt OA 21(2000). Rauschgiftjahresbericht 2000 Bundesrepublik Deutschland.Wiesbaden: Bundeskriminalamt

5

Robert Koch Institut (Hrsg.) (2001). Aktuelle epidemiologische Daten (http://www.rki.de). Berlin: RKI.

6

Kraus, L., Augustin, R., Simon, R. (2002). Country Report Germany. In: Simon, R., Kraus, L., Augustin, R., Wiessing, L., Hartnoll, R. Prevalence and Pattern of Problem Drug Use. Final Report project CT.RTX.23. Lisbon: EMCDDA.

7

Strobl, M., Pelzel, K.-H., Bader, G., Zahn, H., Lange S.N. (2001). Jahresauswertung EBIS-A 2000 - Ambulante Suchtkrankenhilfe.

8

Tauscher, M., Simon, R., Hüllinghorst, R., Bühringer, G., Helas, I., Schmidtobreick, B. (1996).Erweiterte Jahresstatistik 1995 der ambulanten Beratungs- und Behandlungsstellen für Suchtkranke in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Tabellenband). Hamm: EBIS-AG bei der DHS

9

Kraus, Augustin & Orth 2004

10

BKA 2004

11

Kraus et al 2004

12

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

13

Kraus, L., Beloch, E., Quammou-Engel, M. & Müller-Kalthoff, Th. (in press). Verbesserung der therapeutischen Situation für Drogenkonsumenten in Augsburg unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Zahl der Todesfälle.(Improving Health Care Conditions of Drug Addicts in Augsburg with Special Attention to Reducing the Number of DRD.) IFT - Bericht Bd. 119: München (Improving Health Care Conditions of Drug Addicts in Augsburg with Special Attention to Reducing the Number of DRD.) IFT - Bericht Bd. 119: München.

14

Zenker C., Greiser E. Eprobungsvorhaben zur Pravalenzschätzung des regionalen illegalen Drogenmißbrauchs und seiner Folgen. Bremen: Bremer Institut für Präventions-forschung und Sozialmedizin (BIPS), 1998.

15

Kirschner W, Kunert M. Berlin: EFB, 1996.

Greece

1

2004 National Report to the EMCDDA

2

2003 National Report to the EMCDDA

3

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

Spain

1

Domingo-Salvany A, Barrio G, Royuela L. Country report: Spain

2

Ortí RM, Domingo-Salvany A, Muñoz A, Macfarlane D, Suelves JM, Antó JM. Mortality trends in a cohort of opiate addicts, Catalonia, Spain. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25(3):545-553.

3

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

4

Domingo-Salvany A., Hartnoll R.L., Maguire A., Brugal T., Albertin P., Caylá J.A., Casabona J., Suelves J. M. 'Analytical considerations in the use of capture-recapture to estimate prevalence: Case studies of estimating opiate use in the metropolitan area of Barcelona'. Am J Epidemiol, 1998; 148: 732-40.

5

Paredes D, del Llano J, del Llano J, et al. Comunidad de Madrid, Plan Regional sobre Drogas, 1994.

6

Moreno Iribas C, Urtiaga Dominguez M. Gaceta Sanitaria 1993; 7: 55-62.

7

Domingo-Salvany A, Hartnoll R, Maguire A, et al. American Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 141: 567-574.

France

1

Costes J.M., Country report : France in 'Prevalence and patterns of problem drug use for all European Union member states, Final report', EMCDDA

2

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

3

Chevallier, E. (2001) Estimations locales de la prévalence de l'usage d'opiacés et cocaïne en France : une étude multicentrique à Lens, Lille, Marseille, Nice et Toulouse, OFDT, Paris.

4

Bello P. Y., Chené G. Methodological pilot study of local level of prevalence estimates. Lisbon: EMCDDA, December 1997.

5

Bello P. Y., Chéne G. In: EMCDDA/Pompidou Group Scientific Monograph 1 (in press) Lisbon, 1997.

Ireland

1

Kelly A, Carvalho M, Teljeur C. A 3-Source Capture Recapture Study of the Prevalence of Opiate Use in Ireland 2000-2001. Key Findings Summary Tables. Dublin: National Advisory Committee on Drugs, 2003. Report available online at www.nacd.ie

2

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

3

C. M. Comiskey, Mathematics Department, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.

Italy

1

Epidemiological Section of the Italian Observatory on Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2003. (unpublished data).

2

Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo Stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia 2003. Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali. Roma, 2004. Epidemiological Section of the Italian Observatory on Drugs and Drug Addiction

3

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

4

Epidemiological Section of National Observatory on Drug and Drug Abuse.

5

D'Ippoliti D. Methodological pilot study of local level prevalence estimates. Lisbon: EMCDDA, December 1997.

6

Bello PY, Chéne G. In: EMCDDA/Pompidou Group Scientific Monograph 1 (in press) Lisbon, 1997.

7

Perucci CA, Forastiere F, Rapiti E, et al. British Journal of Addiction 1992; 87:1637-1641.

8

Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo Stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia - 2001 - Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali - Dipartimento per le Politiche Sociali e Previdenziali. Schizzi I., Piano L., Curzio O., Del Re F., Salvadori S. e Mariani F. Regione Liguria - Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale Tossicodipendenze. Rapporto 2002: Andamento del fenomeno tossicodipendenze.

9

Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo Stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia - 2000 - Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali - Dipartimento per le Politiche Sociali e Previdenziali. alvadori S., Potente R., Zuccaro P. e Mariani F. Stima di Prevalenza e di Incidenza dell'Uso e Abuso di Alcol e di Sostanze Illecite nella Regione Veneto - 2000.

10

Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo Stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia - 2000 - Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali - Dipartimento per le Politiche Sociali e Previdenziali.Schizzi I., Piano L., Curzio O., Del Re F., Salvadori S. e Mariani F. Regione Liguria - Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale Tossicodipendenze. Rapporto 2002: Andamento del fenomeno tossicodipendenze.

11

Stima di Prevalenza e di Incidenza dell'Uso e Abuso di Alcol e di Sostanze Illecite nella Regione Veneto - 2003 - In press

12

Curzio O., Schizzi I., Salvadori S., Karakachoff M., Minichilli F., Marchini L., Salvini S., Piano L., Del Re F. e Mariani F. Regione Liguria - Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale Tossicodipendenze. Rapporto 2003: Andamento del fenomeno tossicodipendenze.

Latvia

1

Trapencieris M., Lace I. (2003) 'Survey of Drug Users', in 'Drug Abuse Prevalence in Latvia: Population Survey Report', Riga, 105-112.

2

Trapencieris, M. Estimations on problem drug use in Latvia: project report, Riga, 2004

Luxembourg

1

Origer, A. (1998). Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. RELIS 2000. Ministry of Health. AST. NFP. Luxembourg

2

Origer, A. (2001). Estimation de la prévalence nationale de l'usage problématique de drogues à risque élevé et d'acquisition illicite - Etude comparative multi-méthodes 1997-2000. Séries de recherche n°2. Point focal OEDT Luxembourg - CRP-Santé. Luxembourg.

3

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

Hungary

1

Hungarian National Report 2004

Netherlands

1

Smit F, Toet J, van Oers H, Wiessing L. Estimating Local and National Problem Drug Use Prevalence from Demographics. Addiction Research and Theory 2003; 11: 401-413.

2

Smit F, Van Laar M, Wiessing L. Prevalence of problem drug use in the Netherlands, 2001. (submitted)

3

Smit F, Toet J (2001) National prevalence estimates of problematic drug use in the Netherlands, 1999.

4

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

5

Haagse harddruggebruikers en het bereik van de politie en verslavingszorg. Den Haag: Onderzoekcomissie MORE, December 1997.

6

Couman AM, Neve RJM, Van de Mheen H. Het proces van marginalisering en verharding in de drugscene van Parkstad Limburg. Rotterdam:IVO, 2000.

7

De Graaf I, Wildschut J, Van de Mheen D. Utrechtse druggebruikers: eenjachting bestaan. Rotterdam: IVO, 2000.

8

Bieleman, B., Biesma, S., Jetzes, M. (2003). Enschede van de straat. Aard en omvang dak- en thuislozen en zichtbare alcohol- en harddrugsverslaafden in Enschede. Groningen-Rotterdam: Intraval.

9

Personal communication with Marcel Buster, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam (GG&GD Amsterdam).

10

Korf DJ, Hes J, Van Aalderen H. Alkmaar: Brijder Stichting, 1991.

11

Ten Den C, Bieleman B, de Bie E, Snippe J. Groningen: Intraval, 1995.

12

Struben HWA, Burger I, Hendriks VM. Omvangschatting van het totaal aantal (afhankelijke) Haagse harddruggebruikers in de periode 1993-98. Den Haag: Onderzoekcommissie monitoring en registratie (MORE).

13

Biesma, S. Snippe, J., Oldersma, F., Bieleman, B. (2003). Inventarisatie harddrugsverslaafden en dak- en thuislozen Leeuwarden, Noord en Zuidwest Friesland. Groningen-Rotterdam: Intraval.

14

Netherlands Focal Point, 1998. (Smit F., Toet J., van der Heijden P.).

15

Wiessing LG, Toet J, Houweling H, Koedijk PM, van den Akker R, Sprenger MJW. Prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among drug users in Rotterdam. [In Dutch]. RIVM report nr. 213220001. Bilthoven, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), 1995.

16

Van Brussel G., et al. Amsterdam: Municipal Health Services & Bureau of Social Research and Statistics, 1996.

17

Van Brussel G., et al., Amsterdam: Municipal Health Services, 1997.

18

Buster MC, van Brussel GH, van den Brink W. Estimating the number of opiate users in Amsterdam by capture-recapture: the importance of case definition. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(10):935-42.

19

Burger, I., Struben, H. (2001). Haagse harddruggebruikers; Het bereik van politie en verslavingszorg in 1996-98 en veranderingen van 1993-95. Den Haag: Onderzoekcommissie monitoring en registratie (MORE).

20

Korf DJ, Reijneveld SA, Toet J. The International Journal of the Addictions 1994; 29: 1393-1417.

Austria

1

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

2

Uhl, A.; Seidler, D. (2000): Prevalence Estimate of Problematic Opiate Consumption in Austria. LBISucht, Vienna

3

Busch 2003 (not yet available)

4

Uhl and Busch 2002 (not yet available)

5

ÖBIG 2003c (not yet available)

6

Seidler D., Uhl A, in: Methodological pilot study of local level prevalence estimates. Lisbon: EMCDDA, December 1997.

7

Vienna drug co-ordinators 1997.

Poland

1

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

Portugal

1

Negreiros, J. (2002): Estimativa da prevalência e padrões de consumo problemático de drogas em Portugal, CIPCDS/Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Porto

2

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

3

Freire S., Moreira M., in: Methodological pilot study of local prevalence estimates. Lisbon: EMCDDA, 1997.

4

Godinho, J., Costa, H., Padre-Santo, D. (1998). Estimativa da prevalência de consumidores de heroína no Concelho de Setúbal.

Slovenia

1

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

2

Pompidou Group Project on Treatment Demand: Tracking long-term trends

Finland

1

Partanen P., Hakkarainen P., Holmström P., Kinnunen A., Lammi R., Leinikki P., Partanen A., Seppälä T., Välkki J., Virtanen A: Amfetamiinien ja opiaattien ongelmakäytön yleisyys Suomessa 2002. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 3/2004.

2

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

3

Partanen P., Hakkarainen P., Holmström P., Kinnunen A., Lammi R., Leinikki P., Partanen A., Seppälä T., Simpura J., Virtanen A. Amfetamiinien ja opiaattien käytön yleisyys Suomessa 1999. Suom. Lääkärilehti 44/2001. (to be published)

4

Partanen Päivi, Kinnunen Aarne, Leinikki Pauli, Nylander Olli, Seppälä Timo, Simpura Jussi, Virtanen Ari & Välkki Jouni: Selvitys amfetamiinin ja opiaattiene käyttäjien määrästä pääkaupunkiseudulla ja koko maassa vuonna 1997. STAKES, Aiheita 19/1999

5

Partanen P., Hakkarainen P., Holmström P., Kinnunen A., Lammi R., Leinikki P., Partanen A., Seppälä T., Simpura J. & Virtanen A. (2000): Amfetamiinien ja opiaattien käytön yleisyys Suomessa 1998. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 65 (2000):6

6

Partanen P. Report on the number of amphetamine and opiates users in the Greater Helsinki area in 1995. Helsinki: Stakes, Aiheita 40/1994.

Sweden

1

B. Olsson, C.A. Wahren, S. Byqvist, Det tunga narkotikamissbrukets, omfattning i Sverige 1998, CAN, Stockholm 2001.

2

Granath, S., Svensson, D., Lindström, P. (2003). Polisens insatser mot narkotikabrottsligheten : omfattning, karaktär och effekter, Brottsförebyggande rådet (BRÅ) : Fritze distributör, Stockholm.

3

Social Services Research and Development Stockholm City, R & D Report 1996/12. Stockholm, 1996.

4

Finne, E. Statistik över missbrukare, hemlösa och psykiskt störda i Stockholm år 2001. FoU-rapport. Socialtjänstförvaltningen, Forsknings- och utvecklingsenheten, Stockholm 2002.

5

Finne, E. Statistik över missbrukare, hemlösa och psykiskst störda i stockholm ar 1999. FoU -rapport.

6

Finne, E. (1997) Socialtjänstens kontakter med missbrukare, psykiskst störda och hemlösa 1996. FoU-rapport 1997:15. Stockholm.

7

Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and other Drugs (CAN), UNO-92 (report 34), Stockholm, 1993./ Department of Social Welfare and Public Health, City Office, Malmö.

8

'Finne, E. Statistik över missbrukare, hemlösa och psykiskst störda i stockholm ar 2000. FoU -rapport.

9

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

United Kingdom

1

Frischer M, Hickman M, Kraus L, Mariani M, Wiessing L. A comparison of different methods for estimating the prevalence of problematic drug misuse in Great Britain. Addiction 2001; 96: 1465-1476

2

CDMR (University of Glasgow) & SCIEH ' Estimating the National and Local Prevalence of Problem Drug Misuse in Scotland'.

3

McElrath, K. (2002) Prevalence of Problem Drug Use in Northern Ireland. Belfast, Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety.

4

M Frischer, H Heatlie and M Hickman. Estimating the prevalence of problem and injecting drug use for drug action team areas in England: A feasibility study using the multiple indicator method. London: Home Office Drug and Alcohol Research Unit.

5

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

6

Frischer M. British Journal of Addiction 1992; 87: 235-243.

7

Hay G, McKeganey N. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 1996; 50: 469-472.

8

G Hay, N McKeganey, S Hutchinson (November 2001) Estimating the National and Local Prevalence of Problem Drug Misuse in Scotland.

9

Hickman, M, Higgins, V, Hope, V, Bellis, M. (2004) Estimating prevalence of problem drug use: multiple methods in Brighton, Liverpool and London. Home Office Online Report 36/04

11

Bloor M, Wood F, Palmer S. Cardiff: University of Wales, 1997.

12

Brugha, R.F., Swan, A V., Hayhurst, G.K., Fallon, M.P. (1998) 'A drug misuser prevalence study in a rural English district'. European Journal of Public Health, 8: 1101-1262.

13

Hickman et al. Problem drug use prevalence in Inner London.

14

Squires NF, Beeching NJ, Schlecht BJM, et al. Journal of Public Health Medicine 1995; 17: 103-109.

15

Frischer M, Leyland A, Cormack R, et al. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 138: 170-181.

16

DMRU (University of Manchester) & CDMR (University of Glasgow) The Dynamics of Drug Misuse: Assessing Changes in Prevalence. London, Home Office Drugs and Alcohol Research Unit

Norway

1

Bretteville-Jensen, A.L., personal communication, 2002.

2

National Focal Point (unpublished data)

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